A repeated load is applied along the vertical Ø of a cored or laboratory moulded specimen at various frequencies and magnitudes. The resultant horizontal (indirect) deformations are measured and used to provide a measure of stiffness. In Europe the test is mainly used as a rapid method of quality control but it can also be used for a variety of other purposes including failure investigation. Similar tests to measure resilient modulus were detailed in ASTM and AASHTO standards, but they have now been withdrawn.